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Gargano is a mountain in Apulia, Italy forming the backbone of the peninsula Gargano on the Adriatic Sea. Most of the upland area, about 1.211,18 km² above the development along the coast and in the lower valleys, is now a national park, Parco nazionale del Gargano, formed in 1995. It is administratively part of the Province of Foggia.
Gargano is the site of the oldest shrine in Western Europe dedicated to the archangel Michael, Monte Sant'Angelo. Gargano is a peninsula partly mountainous and partly covered by the remains of an ancient forest, Foresta Umbra, the only remaining part in Italy of the ancient oak and beech forest that once covered much of Central Europe as well as the Appenine deciduous montane forests biome.The coast of Gargano is rich in beaches and tourist facilities. In the north are two major salt lakes Lesina and Varano. In the Park different kinds of habitat coexist: rocky coasts, great valleys rich in rare floral and faunal species, ancient beech woods, Mediterranean pine woods. Some of the trees growing in the National Park are more than 500 years old. From a faunal point of view, the peculiarity of the Park is the presence of the roe deer and of several kinds of woodpeckers, among which the great -spotted woodpecker, the middle-spotted woodpecker, the lesser-spotted woodpecker, and the Lilford's woodpecker. The last two of them are very rare and, in Italy, they live only in protected areas, a fact which increases the naturalistic value of these forests.
Both the underwood and the prairies are rich in flowers: there are 56 orchid species, the highest number in Europe and in the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, in the past the promontory formed a connection with the Balkan flora and fauna, as it is evident from the presence of the so-called "trans-adriatic" species.
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